General Medicine

Now the day non communicable disease (NCD) which is not transmissible. These are like hypertension, sugar, stroke, parkinson's disease, autoimmune disease myocardial infraction, anxiety, depression are getting rise day by day. The busy schedule, unhealthy food are reliable cause of non communicable disease begin one of the leading cause of death globally. From 2000- 2012 the 68-60% of the death due to non communicable disease, About half of population under aged of 70 among... them and half of women. Risk factor such as personal background, lifestyle and environment increase the likelihood certain NCD. According to the data 5 million people are die because of tobacco and 2.8 die due to over weight. High cholesterol diet account roughly 2.6 million and 7.5 people from high blood pressure. Risk Factor like life style , age, gender, genetics exposure to air pollution, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity which give rise to the high blood pressure and obesity. The WHO world record 2002 show five important risk factor non communicable disease in the top ten leading risk to health. These are raised blood pressure, cholesterol, tobacco use and alcohol consumption and being over weight. The other factor are associated with social determination of health. It has been estimated that if primary risk factor eliminated, 80% cases of heart disease and type 2 diabetes and 40% of cancer could prevented.

Corona virus Corona virus is large family of RNA virus that can cause illness ranging from common cold to severe disease such as Middle East Respiratory syndrome. It is new strain that has not been previously identified in human. Corona virus is zoonotic disease ( Transfer animal to man). The source of the virus is Civet ... Cats and dromedary camel. Sign/Symptoms: - Fever - cough - Respiratory syndrome - shortness of breath - Breathing difficulty and kidney failure and even death occur in s!vere cause . Vaccine and medicine for corona virus is still unknown so we can apply preventive method to avoid infection listed below - Regular hand washing with anti infective soap - Covering mouth and nose when coughing - Avoid close contact with infected person.

Intravenous Infusion It is the therapy that delivers fluid directly in to the vein, route is used to both injection and electrolyte administration. There are various kind of IV infusion available in the modern market such as : DNS (Dextrose Normal saline)... It is IV solution contain sugar and water solution . It is also called dextrose solution. Available : 500 ml Indication : -Patient with low blood sugar -Fluid loss ( without electrolyte loss) -High blood potassium -Nutritional deficiency(Dehydration) - Accident Contraindication : -Diabetic patient -Pregnancy ( less used) Adverse effect -Edema -Fever -Hypersensitivity Reaction -Blood clot -Abnormal rapid breathings (1500-2000 ml in 24 hour and according to severity) RL ( Ringer's lactate) It is also known as sodium solution and hartmann's solution. It a solution of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride in water. Available:500 ml bottle Indication: -Diarrhea -Vomiting ( sever) -Dehydration (nutritional deficiency) -Operation and surgery Contraindication: -Severe metabolic acidosis or alkalosis -Liver disease - Hypersensitivity with RL Adverse effect -Swelling (eye , face and throat) -Itching,coughing ,sneezing, -Difficulty in breathings (1500-2000 ml in 24 hour and according to severity) NS ( Normal saline) It is also known as saline solution. It is mixture of sodium chloride in water and it has broadly uses in medicine. Available: 500 ml bottle ( 0.9 % sodium chloride) Indication : -Diabetic and pregnancy - Wash wound -Accident ( loss fluid) -Dehydration -Hypovolemia -Alkalosis -Hemorrhage -Mild sodium depletion Contraindication : -Congestive heart failure -Severe renal impairment -Liver cirrhosis (Condition of sodium retention ) ( Note : Do not use unless the solution is clear) Adverse effect: -Swelling at injection site -Fever -Redness or infection D5 /D10 (Dextrose ) It is a intravenous fluid with 5% and 10 % of dextrose in water . it used in case of nutritional deficiency like loss of excessive carbohydrate through fluid it is also useful for low blood sugar, insulin shock and dehydration. Indication : -Nutritional deficiency -Hypoglycemia -Dehydration -Insulin shock Contraindication : -Sugar patient ( Diabetic) -Metabolically active -Dextrose Adverse effect -Fever -Infection at the side of injection -Blood clot and inflammation -Leakage of fluid at the surrounding stissue -Hypervolemia Other fluid like - Ciprofloxacin -Metronidazole -Ornidazole ( These fluid are found in 100 ml bottle and used as intravenous fluid in case of infection)

Dengue is viral disease transmitted by infected mosquito. causative agent Ade's Aegyptus human being develop disease after 4-5 day of bitten by infected mosquito. Its also known as break bone disease ,hemorrhagic fever which is life threatening. It is more common in developing country like India Africa ,Nepal etc. Cause ::Ade's Aegyptus mosquito ... Symptoms -Usually develop 3-14dayswhich is also called incubation period.. -Sudden onset of fever -headache(behind eye) -muscle and joint pain -chill, sore throat, abnormal bleeding from eye -blood in urine -gum bleeding -loss of appetite are common symptoms of dengue. Diagnosis -According to symptoms some of those are -nausea,vomiting,rash,generalized pain. Treatment -There are no specific treatment for dengue suspected patient can take analgesic for relief pain,like Ibuprofen,PCM but avoid aspirin. -Take plenty of fluid Complication -drop blood pressure -cold clammy skin -reduced of urine -Dry mouth are common complication of dengue fever.