Gregory L. Van Hale DDS & Cathleen T. Arima DDS

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News August, 2020 Hot Beverages Contribute to Tooth Staining Estimates suggest that annually Americans consume 45 million pounds of caffeine and hot coffee and teas are the most popular sources for the legal psychoactive stimulant drug. Both beverages are associated with having dental health perks as black coffee has been found to lower acid levels on teeth, reducing the odds of cavity development and green tea has been found to be powerful in reduc...ing gum inflammation and subsequently gum disease. Despite the perks of the beverages, when consumed at their steamiest stage, the unflattering side effect may be tooth staining. Science has shown that heat will cause molecules and atoms to vibrate faster, increase space between atoms and cause expansion. Tooth enamel is one such substance that will expand under heat and during that stage, the tannins in coffee and tea can lodge into the void and as the teeth cool down again, tooth staining can be the result. Proper oral hygiene can help teeth stay clean and lower the level of dental plaque, and brushing with a whitening toothpaste may help alleviate some of the discoloration. Patients may also choose to get professional teeth whitening from a dentist specializing in cosmetic dentistry. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions Driving Direction Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News August, 2020 Is Oral Piercing Safe? Oral piercing is a form of body art and self-expression that’s all the rage among teenagers and young adults. While piercings of the tongue, lip or cheek might seem safe because everyone has them, that’s not entirely true. The mouth is a moist place, which means it’s a breeding ground for bacteria and infection. And the primary danger of oral piercing is increased risk of infection. There are other risks, t...oo. Oral piercings can also chip or crack teeth, cause nerve damage and produce an allergic reaction to metal. Some people also notice that it’s more difficult to speak, chew and swallow after piercings. Do the smart thing and have your teenager see a dentist before piercing. Learning about the potential risks will make for a happier, healthier loved one. And if your teen decides to go ahead with a piercing, make sure he or she keeps it clean! This is the single most effective way to fight off infection. And if your teen notices any of the following symptoms, schedule a dentist appointment right away: Pain, soreness or swelling Chipped or cracked teeth Damage to fillings Sensitivity to metals Numbness Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions Driving Direction

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Oral Hygiene is a Must for Germ-a-Phobes Those suffering from Misophobia or Mysophobia are burdened with the fear of being contaminated with dirt or germs. A study has shown that nearly 80 percent of American's are concerned about the little critters on their hands, but the reality is they should focus more on their dental health if they really want to lower the chances of defiling their health.... According to Sigmund Socransky, associate clinical professor of periodontology at Harvard University "In one mouth, the number of bacteria can easily exceed the number of people who live on Earth," (http://news.harvard.edu/gazet/2002/08.22/01-oralcancer.html). These organisms band together and form colonies leading to excess dental plaque. While the plaque community, a sticky film that can look off-white in appearance, can look harmless because of its size, the reality is that it will cause health issues. If left unchecked, the community will lead to gum disease and all the dental problems associated with that infection including halitosis and tooth decay. Science has proven that an excess of dental plaque can cause health problems such as strokes, diabetes and heart disease. When it comes to cleaning the human mouth, brushing twice a day and flossing at least once daily is the best way to remove harmful bacteria. Brushing should take a full two minutes allowing 30 seconds for each dental quadrant. Using a fluoride toothpaste is also recommended. Individuals should pay special attention to brushing teeth gently while maneuvering a toothbrush to reach the back teeth and the gum lines. If dental plaque has already hardened into dental tartar, only a cleaning from a professional dentist will do. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions Driving Direction Refer a Friend

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News The Aging Mouth: What is Normal, What is Not ... The natural process of aging takes its toll on your teeth and mouth just as it does your body. Here are some common oral health changes you can anticipate as you age: Enamel Wear -- Chewing, cleaning and the normal aging process means your teeth will eventually wear down over time. Darker Tooth Color -- Aging dentin (the tooth's middle layer) holds stains easier than younger dentin, making your teeth appear slightly darker. Gum Changes -- Aging gums naturally recede over time. Cavities -- Cavities around the root of the tooth are more common as you age. Any fillings you have are also aging and can weaken or crack. Other changes to your teeth and gums aren't normal and shouldn't be overlooked. These symptoms could signal something more serious and are reason to see your dentist right away: Tooth Loss -- Dental cavities and gum disease are the leading culprits of tooth loss in seniors, but neither is a normal part of aging. If your teeth and gums are healthy, there's no reason why your teeth should fall out. Dry Mouth As you age, you may notice a reduced flow of saliva, sometimes as a side effect of medical conditions, medications or medical treatment. Saliva is important because it lubricates the mouth and neutralizes the acids produced by plaque. Bleeding Gums -- Bleeding gums are a sign of periodontal (gum) disease, a leading cause of tooth loss in seniors. But gum disease is not an inevitable result of aging; it's caused by the build up of plaque. Left untreated, gum disease is linked to other health concerns like arthritis and heart disease. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions

Good oral hygiene could cut risk for severe COVID-19 People who have periodontal disease have a higher risk for severe symptoms if they get COVID-19 than people with good oral health, researchers reported in the British Dental Journal. Oral bacteria could be aspirated into the lungs, causing infection and spurring the production of cytokines, researchers wrote, adding that oral hygiene should "be maintained, if not improved, during a SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to reduce the bacterial load in the mouth and the potential risk of bacterial superinfection."

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Alveolar Bone Between eating, playing sports and chewing on anything from pencils to bubblegum, humans tend to put a lot of stress on our teeth. Luckily for us, each one is secured in place by the bones and tissues in our mouths.... Specifically, our teeth are anchored to the jaw by something called the alveolar bone. Never heard of it? You probably just know it by a different name. People commonly refer to this area as their tooth socket. But no matter what you call it, the alveolar bone is the primary support for your pearly whites. Below the Surface Your teeth are actually much longer than they appear on the surface, with a long root extending below the gums and into your jawbone. This deep anchor provides the strength needed to support the pressures of chewing. The part of the alveolar bone that encases these roots (the actual "socket") is called the alveolus. At the base of the root is a strong tissue called cementum that fastens each tooth to the alveolar bone foundation. Both the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) contain alveolar bone. In addition, a special ligament completes the package, binding teeth securely into place for maximum support. Alveolar Bone Loss Unfortunately, certain dental problems and habits, as well as the effects of time, can cause the alveolar bone to resorb, or dissolve. This bone loss can also lead to adult tooth loss over time. Periodontal disease , also known as gum disease is the major cause of this condition, which makes gum disease treatment an important step in preventing alveolar bone loss. Other factors that may contribute to dental bone loss include: Smoking - Smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes have all been linked to increased risk of periodontal disease and alveolar bone resorption. Ill-Fitting Dentures - Partial dentures or full removable dentures should be checked by your dentist on a regular basis. Poor fit can cause your dentures to rub against your jaw and wear away the bone over time. Osteoporosis - Adults who are susceptible to bone loss, especially women, may be more likely to experience some alveolar bone loss. Bad Oral Hygiene Habits - Given the link between gum disease and alveolar bone loss, bad oral habits can have serious consequences down the road. Good oral hygiene is important to keeping your dental health at its best. As always, your dentist is your best resource to find out more about this dental condition. If you think you may be experiencing loss of alveolar bone, make an appointment to discuss your concerns. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Regular Checkups Can Save You Thousands If you have dental problems like tooth decay, gum disease or even oral cancer, regular dental visits give your dentist a chance to catch it early on. That's key. Because the earlier your dentist diagnoses a problem the easier it is to treat. For example, if you have gum disease and let it go unchecked (and untreated) for too long, you may need extensive -- and expensive -- gum disease treatment.... Regular dental checkups allow you and your dentist to stay ahead of problems, which can translate into thousands saved. A professional dental cleaning is also a must because it's the only way to effectively remove tartar (hardened plaque). Even if you brush and floss regularly, that’s not enough. Besides looking unsightly (tartar is a "stain magnet" and often has a brown or yellowish tint), tartar also contains cavity-causing bacteria. Preventing the need for a mouthful of fillings every year easily adds up to thousands saved in the long run. Perhaps one of the most important reasons to invest in regular dental exams and cleanings is that it has a positive impact on your overall health. Recent studies have shown that there’s a link between periodontal disease and heart disease; when the former is present, the latter is twice as likely. According to the American Academy of Periodontology, gum disease can have a domino effect on your health. The bacteria caused by periodontal disease can enter your bloodstream and attach to your heart's blood vessels, causing dangerous blood clots. Another scenario is that the plaque buildup caused by periodontal disease can cause the heart's blood vessels to swell. In this way, regular checkups and cleanings are not only money-saving but life-saving. And that’s priceless. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Driving Direction Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Special Care for Diabetes Patients If you have diabetes, the number one thing you can do for your oral health is keep your blood glucose levels as normal as possible. Here’s why: When your blood glucose levels are poorly controlled, you’re more likely to develop gum disease and lose teeth than people who don't have diabetes. In turn, gum disease could cause your blood sugar to rise, making your diabetes harder to control. So it’s imperative th...at you keep your teeth and gums clean by brushing twice a day and flossing daily. And if you wear dentures, remove and clean them every day. Keeping up with twice yearly dental visits is also crucial for patients with diabetes. A professional cleaning is the only way to remove the plaque and tartar that lead to gum disease. Also be sure to discuss your diabetes status and current medications with your dentist at each dental visit. Warning Signs: Gum Disease Because diabetes makes you more prone to developing gum disease, it’s important to be able to identify the warning signs. These are the most common: - Bleeding gums when you brush or floss - Red, swollen or tender gums - Receding gums - Pus between the teeth and gums - Persistent bad breath - Loose permanent teeth - Changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite - Changes in the fit of partial dentures or a dental bridge Also keep an eye on other symptoms that might develop, including white patches on your tongue, which could indicate oral thrush, an infection caused by fungus that grows in the mouth, and soreness and ulcers in the mouth, which could be a sign of dry mouth. If you notice any of these symptoms, see your dentist. Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net. Like on FB Driving Direction Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News What Is Cementum? Cementum is a hard layer of tissue that helps the periodontal ligament attach firmly to a tooth. Made of cementoblasts, cementum slowly forms over a lifetime.... Cementum is a hard, calcified layer of tissue that covers the root of the tooth. On its outer side, cementum is attached to the periodontal ligament; on its inner side, the dentin. Along with the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva, cementum helps a tooth stay in its place. In fact, if it weren't for cementum, the periodontal ligament wouldn't be able to attach firmly to a tooth. Slowly formed throughout life, cementum is created when the root of the tooth excretes cementoblasts. Though cementoblasts are somewhat of a mystery, it is known that cementum is yellow in color and softer than dentin. Its chemical makeup is similar to that of bone -- but unlike bone, cementum is avascular (not supported by blood vessels). Types of Cementum There are three types of cementum: acellular cementum, cellular cementum and afibrillar cementum. Acellular cementum covers about 1/3-1/2 of the root and has little to no cellular components. Cellular cementum covers about 1/3-1/2 of the apex and is permeable. Afibrillar cementum sometimes extends onto the enamel of the tooth. If you have periodontal disease, your acellular cementum, cellular cementum or afibrillar cementum may also be diseased. A gum disease treatment called scaling and root planing can be performed to remove the diseased cementum, as well as dental tartar and diseased dentin. If it has been awhile since your last dental visit, make an appointment today. spacer Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions Driving Direction Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Dental Care Checklist for Infants See the dentist by age 1. Schedule your infant’s first dental visit by the age of 1 or after the first tooth erupts.... Clean baby’s gums. Use gauze to clean your infant’s gums after feedings and at bedtime. Ideally, this should be done even before your baby’s first tooth erupts. Brush baby teeth. Once your infant’s baby teeth erupt, brush them with a small soft-bristled toothbrush and a pea-sized amount of toothpaste after feedings and at bedtime. Floss baby teeth. When two baby teeth erupt side by side, gently floss them at least once a day (preferably before bedtime). Wean baby from the bottle. Ask your pediatrician when you should stop breastfeeding. Bottle-fed babies should be weaned from the bottle by the age of 1. Keep an Eye On: Baby Bottle Tooth Decay Keep your infant’s teeth healthy by cleaning them after feedings, and avoid putting your baby to bed with formula or fruit juice (these contain decay-causing sugars); use water instead. Signs of Teething -- Your infant’s first tooth can erupt, or "cut," as early as three months and as late as a year. Teeth symptoms can vary greatly, but if your baby becomes increasingly irritable or starts drooling, biting and coughing more than normal, he or she could be teething. Try a teething ring or bottle of cold water for relief. Excessive Pacifier Use If your infant uses a pacifier for more than three years, he or she may develop slanted teeth or a misaligned bite later. If you have a difficult time weaning your infant from pacifier use, ask us about alternative ways to give the comfort your little one craves. spacer Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Map Directions Map Directions Driving Direction Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment

Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima News Chipped Teeth Choices If you have a chipped tooth, you're not alone! In fact, chipped teeth are the most common dental injury today. But don’t let that little-known fact fool you into ignoring a chipped tooth; any type of dental trauma deserves immediate attention. A small chip may not cause you pain, but there could be damage underneath the surface of the tooth. Our dentist can rule out cracks or internal tooth problems that aren’t visible to ...the naked eye. And in many cases, your chipped tooth can be repaired in just one visit. Options, Options Chipped tooth treatments vary according to the amount of damage. Depending on your situation, any one of these chipped tooth treatments may be an option for you: Dental Bonding -- Most chips can be corrected with dental bonding. Dental bonding is an efficient, durable and cost-effective way to correct minor chips. Enamel Shaping -- Often used in conjunction with dental bonding, enamel shaping can also correct small chips or surface flaws. During enamel shaping, a small portion of the tooth's surface is removed or recontoured to smooth out imperfections. Dental Veneers If the chip is significant and dental bonding or enamel shaping can't be used, you may need a veneer. These thin, porcelain wafers completely cover the surface of the tooth and are often used for front teeth. Root Canal Pain in the location of the chip can be a sign that the nerve is exposed. If that's the case, a root canal may be necessary to save the tooth. Dental Crown -- A dental crown is used to completely cover larger teeth or to cap a tooth after a root canal. Tooth Extraction -- If the tooth can't be saved, a tooth extraction may be necessary. The good news is a dental bridge or dental implants can replace missing teeth. spacer Dr. Van Hale and Dr. Arima 247 W Glenoaks Glendale, CA 91202 (818) 246-5671 [email protected] www.glendaledentists.net Like on FB Refer a Friend Schedule Appointment